
1
Features
Conservative and repeatable
measurement of available charge
in rechargeable batteries
Charge control output operates an
external charge controller such as
thebq2004FastChargeIC
Designed for battery pack inte-
gration
-
120
μ
A typical standby current
Display capacity via single-wire
serial communication port or di-
rect drive of LEDs
Measurements compensated for
current and temperature
Self-discharge compensation using
internal temperature sensor
User-selectable end-of-discharge
threshold
Battery voltage, nominal avail-
able charge, temperature, etc.
available over serial port
16-pin narrow SOIC
General Description
The bq2014 Gas Gauge IC is in-
tended for battery-pack or in-system
installation to maintain an accurate
record of available battery charge.
The IC monitors the voltage drop
across a sense resistor connected in
series between the negative battery
terminal and ground to determine
charge and discharge activity of the
battery.
Self-discharge of NiMH and NiCd
batteries is estimated based on an
internal timer and temperature sen-
sor. Compensations for battery tem-
perature and rate of charge or dis-
charge are applied to the charge, dis-
charge, and self-discharge calcula-
tions to provide available charge in-
formation across a wide range of op-
erating conditions. Battery capacity
is automatically recalibrated, or
“l(fā)earned,” in the course of a dis-
charge cycle from full to empty.
The bq2014 includes a charge con-
trol output that controls an external
Fast Charge IC such as the bq2004.
Nominal Available Charge (NAC)
may be directly indicated using a
five-segment LED display.
The bq2014 supports a simple single-
line bidirectional serial link to an ex-
ternal processor (with a common
ground). The bq2014 outputs battery
information in response to external
commands over the serial link.
Internal registers include available
charge, temperature, capacity, bat-
tery voltage, battery ID, battery
status, and programming pin set-
tings. To support subassembly test-
ing, the outputs may also be con-
trolled. The external processor may
also overwrite some of the bq2014
gas gauge data registers.
The bq2014 may operate directly
from three or four cells.
REF output and an external transis-
tor, a simple, inexpensive regulator
can be built to provide V
CC
across a
greater number of cells.
With the
LCOM
LED common output
SEG
1
/PROG
1
LED segment 1/
program 1 input
SEG
2
/PROG
2
LED segment 2/
program 2 input
SEG
3
/PROG
3
LED segment 3/
program 3 input
SEG
4
/PROG
4
LED segment 4/
program 4 input
SEG
5
/PROG
5
LED segment 5/
program 5 input
DONE
Fast charge complete
1
PN201401.eps
16-Pin Narrow SOIC
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
LCOM
SEG1/PROG1
SEG2/PROG2
SEG3/PROG3
SEG4/PROG4
SEG5/PROG5
DONE
VSS
VCC
REF
CHG
DQ
EMPTY
SB
DISP
SR
REF
Voltage reference output
CHG
Charge control output
DQ
Serial communications
input/output
EMPTY
Empty battery indicator
output
SB
Battery sense input
DISP
Display control input
SR
Sense resistor input
V
CC
3.0–6.5V
V
SS
System ground
12/95 C
Pin Connections
Pin Names
bq2014
Gas Gauge IC with External Charge Control