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www.ti.com
SLOS652A – DECEMBER 2009 – REVISED JUNE 2010
APPLICATION INFORMATION
SHORT CIRCUIT AUTO-RECOVERY
When a short-circuit event occurs, the TPA2039D1 goes to shutdown mode and activates the integrated
auto-recovery process whose aim is to return the device to normal operation once the short-circuit is removed.
This process repeatedly examines (once every 100ms) whether the short-circuit condition persists, and returns
the device to normal operation immediately after the short-circuit condition is removed. This feature helps protect
the device from large currents and maintain a good long-term reliability.
INTEGRATED IMAGE REJECT FILTER FOR DAC NOISE REJECTION
In applications which use a DAC to drive Class-D amplifiers, out-of-band noise energy present at the DAC's
image frequencies fold back into the audio-band at the output of the Class-D amplifier. An external low-pass filter
is often placed between the DAC and the Class-D amplifier in order to attenuate this noise.
The TPA2039D1 has an integrated Image Reject Filter with a low-pass cutoff frequency of 130 kHz, which
significantly attenuates this noise. Depending on the system noise specification, the integrated Image Reject
Filter may help eliminate external filtering, thereby saving board space and component cost.
COMPONENT SELECTION
Figure 28 shows the TPA2039D1 typical schematic with differential inputs, while
Figure 29 shows the
TPA2039D1 with differential inputs and input capacitors.
Figure 30 shows the TPA2039D1 with a single-ended
input.
Decoupling Capacitors (CS1, CS2)
The TPA2039D1 is a high-performance class-D audio amplifier that requires adequate power supply decoupling
to ensure the efficiency is high and total harmonic distortion (THD) is low. For higher frequency transients,
spikes, or digital hash on the line, a good low equivalent-series-resistance (ESR) ceramic capacitor CS1 = 0.1mF ,
placed as close as possible to the device VDD lead works best. Placing CS1 close to the TPA2039D1 is important
for the efficiency of the class-D amplifier, because any resistance or inductance in the trace between the device
and the capacitor can cause a loss in efficiency. For filtering lower-frequency noise signals, a 10 mF or greater
capacitor (CS2) placed near the audio power amplifier would also help, but it is not required in most applications
because of the high PSRR of this device. Typically, the smaller the capacitor's case size, the lower the
inductance and the closer it can be placed to the TPA2039D1. X5R and X7R dielectric capacitors are
recommended for both CS1 and CS2.
Input Capacitors (CI)
The TPA2039D1 does not require input coupling capacitors if the design uses a differential source that is biased
within the common-mode input voltage range. That voltage range is listed in the Recommended Operating
Conditions table. If the input signal is not biased within the recommended common-mode input range, such as in
needing to use the input as a high pass filter, shown in
Figure 29, or if using a single-ended source, shown in
Figure 30, input coupling capacitors are required. The same value capacitors should be used on both IN+ and
IN– for best pop performance. The 3-dB high-pass cutoff frequency fC of the filter formed by the input coupling
capacitor CI and the input resistance RI (typically 75 k) of the TPA2039D1 is given by Equation 1: (1)
The value of the input capacitor is important to consider as it directly affects the bass (low frequency)
performance of the circuit. Speaker response may also be taken into consideration when setting the corner
frequency using input capacitors. Solving for the input coupling capacitance, we get:
(2)
If the corner frequency is within the audio band, the capacitors should have a tolerance of ±10% or better,
because any mismatch in capacitance causes an impedance mismatch at the corner frequency and below.
Copyright 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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