
q
JA +
1
Derating Factor
T
A
Max + TJMax * qJAPDmax
1 nF
Ferrite
Chip Bead
VO
VO+
Ferrite
Chip Bead
1 nF
www.ti.com
SLOS652A – DECEMBER 2009 – REVISED JUNE 2010
EFFICIENCY AND THERMAL INFORMATION
The maximum ambient operating temperature of the TPA2039D1 depends on the load resistance, power supply
voltage and heat-sinking ability of the PCB system. The derating factor for the YFF package is shown in the
dissipation rating table. Converting this to qJA:
(3)
Given qJA (from the Package Dissipation ratings table), the maximum allowable junction temperature (from the
Absolute Maximum ratings table), and the maximum internal dissipation (from Power Dissipation vs Output
Power figures) the maximum ambient temperature can be calculated with the following equation. Note that the
units on these figures are Watts RMS. Because of crest factor (ratio of peak power to RMS power) from 9–15
dB, thermal limitations are not usually encountered.
(4)
The TPA2039D1 is designed with thermal protection that turns the device off when the junction temperature
surpasses 150°C to prevent damage to the IC. Note that the use of speakers less resistive than 4-
Ω (typ) is not
advisable. Below 4-
Ω (typ) the thermal performance of the device dramatically reduces because of increased
output current and reduced amplifier efficiency. The Absolute Maximum rating of 3.2-
Ω covers the manufacturing
tolerance of a 4-
Ω speaker and speaker impedance decrease due to frequency. qJA is a gross approximation of
the complex thermal transfer mechanisms between the device and its ambient environment. If the qJA calculation
reveals a potential problem, a more accurate estimate should be made.
WHEN TO USE AN OUTPUT FILTER
Design the TPA2039D1 without an Inductor / Capacitor (LC) output filter if the traces from the amplifier to the
speaker are short. Wireless handsets and PDAs are great applications for this class-D amplifier to be used
without an output filter.
The TPA2039D1 does not require an LC output filter for short speaker connections (approximately 100 mm long
or less). A ferrite bead can often be used in the design if failing radiated emissions testing without an LC filter;
and, the frequency-sensitive circuit is greater than 1 MHz. If choosing a ferrite bead, choose one with high
impedance at high frequencies, but very low impedance at low frequencies. The selection must also take into
account the currents flowing through the ferrite bead. Ferrites can begin to loose effectiveness at much lower
than rated current values. See the TPA2039D1 EVM User's Guide for components used successfully by TI.
Figure 31 shows a typical ferrite-bead output filter.
Figure 31. Typical Ferrite Chip Bead Filter
Copyright 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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