NCP1651
http://onsemi.com
20
Figure 35. Ramp Compensation Circuit
--
+
Oscillator
--
+
16 k
AC Ref
Buffer
Current
Sense
Amp
PWM
Comparator
4
Ramp Compensation
R
RC
1.6i
i
The current mirror is designed with a 1:1.6 current ratio.
Therampsignalinjectedcanbecalculatedbythefollowing
formula:
V
ramp
=
1.6 Vosc
pk
16 k
R
RC
=
102,400
R
RC
(eq. 1)
Where:
V
ramp
= Peak injected current signal (4 V)
R
RC
= Ramp compensation resistor (k?
Oscillator
Theoscillatorgeneratesthesawtoothrampsignalthatsets
the switching frequency, as well as sets the gain for the
multipliers. Both the frequency and the peak- -to- -peak
amplitude are important parameters.
The oscillator uses a current source for charging the
capacitor on the C
T
pin. The charge rate is approximately
200 mA and is trimmed to maintain an accurate, repeatable
frequency. Discharge is accomplished by grounding the C
T
pin with a saturated transistor. A hysteretic comparator
monitorsthatrampsignalandisusedtoswitchbetweenthe
current source and discharge transistor. While the cap is
charging,  the  comparator  has  a  reference  voltage  of
4.0  volts.  When  the  ramp  reaches  that  voltage,  the
comparator switches from the charging circuit to the
dischargecircuit,anditsreferencechangesfrom4.0to~0.5
volts (overshoot and delays will allow the valley voltage to
reach 0 volts).
The relationship between the frequency and timing
capacitor is:
C
T
= 47,000f
Where C
T
is in pF and f is in kHz.
It is important not to load the capacitor on this pin, since
thiscouldaffecttheaccuracyofthefrequencyaswellasthat
ofthemultiplierswhichusetherampsignal.Anyuseofthis
signal should incorporate a high impedance buffer.
Due to the requiredaccuracy of the peakand valleyramp
voltages, the NCP1651 is not designed to be synchronized
to the frequency of another oscillator.
Average Current Compensation
The input signal to this amplifier is the input fullwave
rectified sinewave. The amplifier is a unity gain amplifier,
withavoltagedividerontheoutputthatattenuatesthesignal
by a factor of 0.75. This scaled down fullwave rectified
sinewave is summed with the low frequency current signal
out of the current sense amplifier.
The sum of these signals must equal the signal at the
non- -inverting input to the AC error amplifier, which is the
outputofthereferencemultiplier.Sincethereisahardlimit
of 4.5 volts at the non- -inverting input, the sum of the line
voltage plus the current cannot exceed this level.
A typical universal input design operates from 85 to
265vac,whichisarangeof3.1:1.TheoutputoftheCurrent
Compensationamplifierwillchangebythisamounttoallow
the maximum current to vary inversely to the line voltage.
AC Error Amplifier
The AC error amplifier is a transconductance amplifier.
Thisamplifierforcesasignalwhichisthesumofthecurrent
and input voltage to equal the AC reference signal fromthe
reference multiplier.
Transconductance   amplifiers   differ   from   voltage
amplifiers in that the output is a high impedance with a
controlled voltage- -to- -current gain. This amplifier has a
nominal gain of 100 umhos (or 0.0001 amps/volt). This
means that an input voltage differential of 10 mv would
cause the output current to change by 1.0 mA. Itsmaximum
output current is 30 mA.
Current Sense Amplifier
Thecurrentsenseamplifierisawidebandwidthamplifier
with a differential input. It consists of a differential input
stage, a high frequency current mirror (PWM output) and a
low frequency current mirror (AC error amp output).
Figure 36. Current Sense Amplifier
CURRENT
MIRROR
--
+
I
avg
AC
Error
Amp
i
2
i
2
I
avg fltr
CURRENT
MIRROR
i
1
i
1
i
1
PWM
3 k
30 k
3 k
6
7
I
S+
5
LEB