
www.ti.com
I
L(PK) +
I
OUT(MAX) )
V
OUT
V
in(MAX) *
V
OUT
1.6
V
IN(MAX)
L
OUT
Fsw
I
COUT(RMS) +
1
12
V
OUT
V
PVIN(MAX) *
V
OUT
V
PVIN(MAX)
L
OUT
Fsw
Capacitor Requirements
ESR
MAX +
N
C
V
IN(MAX)
L
OUT
Fsw
0.8
V
OUT
V
IN(MAX) *
V
OUT
DVP*P(MAX)
Compensation Components
C
OUT(MIN) +
1
L
OUT
K
2p
CO
2
(7)
TPS54010
SLVS509B – MAY 2004 – REVISED JUNE 2005
(6)
(8)
For this design, the RMS inductor current is 15.4 A,
The calculated RMS ripple current is 780 mA in the
and the peak inductor current is 15.1 A. For this
output capacitors.
design, a Vishay IHLP2525CZ-01 style output induc-
tor is specified. The largest value greater than 0.44
The maximum ESR of the output capacitor is deter-
H that meets these current requirements is 0.68 H.
mined by the amount of allowable output ripple as
Increasing the inductor value decreases the ripple
specified in the initial design parameters. The output
current and the corresponding output ripple voltage.
ripple voltage is the inductor ripple current times the
The inductor value can be decreased if more margin
ESR of the output filter; therefore, the maximum
in the RMS current is required. In general, inductor
specified ESR as listed in the capacitor data sheet is
values for use with the TPS54010 falls in the range of
given by Equation 9 :
0.47 to 2.2 H.
The important design factors for the output capacitor
(9)
are dc voltage rating, ripple current rating, and
equivalent series resistance (ESR). The dc voltage
and the maximum ESR required is 22.2 m
. A
and ripple current ratings cannot be exceeded. The
capacitor that meets these requirements is a Cornell
ESR is important because along with the inductor
Dubilier Special Polymer (SP) ESRD101M06 rated at
current it determines the amount of output ripple
6.3 V with a maximum ESR of 0.015
and a ripple
voltage. The actual value of the output capacitor is
current rating of 2 A. An additional small 0.1-F
not critical, but some practical limits do exist. Con-
ceramic bypass capacitor C13 is a also used.
sider
the
relationship
between
the
desired
Other capacitor types work well with the TPS54010,
closed-loop crossover frequency of the design and
depending on the needs of the application.
LC corner frequency of the output filter. In general, it
is desirable to keep the closed-loop crossover fre-
quency at less than 1/5 of the switching frequency.
With high switching frequencies such as the 500 kHz
The external compensation used with the TPS54010
frequency of this design, internal circuit limitations of
allows for a wide range of output filter configurations.
the TPS54010 limit the practical maximum crossover
A large range of capacitor values and types of
frequency to about 70 kHz. To allow for adequate
dielectric are supported. The design example uses
phase gain in the compensation network, the LC
Type-3 compensation consisting of R1, R3, R5, C6,
corner frequency should be about one decade or so
C7, and C8. Additionally, R2 along with R1 forms a
below the closed-loop crossover frequency. This
voltage divider network that sets the output voltage.
limits the minimum capacitor value for the output filter
These component reference designators are the
to:
same
as
those
used
in
the
SWIFT
Designer
Software. There are a number of different ways to
design a compensation network. This procedure
outlines a relatively simple procedure that produces
good results with most output filter combinations. Use
the SWIFT Designer Software for designs with un-
Where K is the frequency multiplier for the spread
usually high closed-loop crossover frequencies, low
between fLC and fCO. K should be between 5 and 15,
value, low ESR output capacitors such as ceramics
typically 10 for one decade difference. For a desired
or if you are unsure about the design procedure.
crossover of 100-kHz and a 0.68-H inductor, the
minimum value for the output capacitor is 93 F using
When designing compensation networks for the
a minimum K factor of 5. Increasing the K factor
TPS54010, a number of factors need to be con-
would require using a larger capacitance as 100 kHz
sidered. The gain of the compensated error amplifier
is approaching the maximum practical closed-loop
should not be limited by the open-loop amplifier gain
crossover frequency for this device. The selected
characteristics and should not produce excessive
output capacitor must be rated for a voltage greater
gain at the switching frequency. Also, the closed-loop
than the desired output voltage plus one half the
crossover frequency should be set less than one-fifth
ripple voltage. Any de-rating amount must also be
included. The maximum RMS ripple current in the
output capacitors is given by Equation 8:
12