
ADP3025
C
IN
AND C
OUT
SELECTION
In continuous conduction mode, the source current of the
upper MOSFET is approximately a square wave of duty cycle
V
OUT
/
V
IN
. To prevent large voltage transients, a low ESR input
capacitor sized for the maximum rms current must be used. The
maximum rms capacitor current is
Rev. A | Page 16 of 24
(
)
IN
MAX
OUT
I
OUT
IN
OU
RMS
I
V
V
V
V
T
)
(
×
×
=
(8)
This formula has a maximum at
V
IN
= 2
V
OUT
, where
I
RMS
=
I
OUT
(
MAX
)
/2. Note that the capacitor manufacturer’s ripple current
ratings are often based on only 2,000 hours of life. Therefore,
the user should further derate the capacitor, or choose one rated
at a higher temperature than required. Several capacitors may
be paralleled to meet size or height requirements in the design.
If electrolytic or tantalum capacitors are used, an additional
0.1 μF to 1 μF ceramic bypass capacitor should be placed in
parallel with C
IN
.
The selection of
C
OUT
is driven by the required effective series
resistance (ESR) and the desired output ripple. A good practice
is to limit the ripple voltage to 1% of the nominal output vol-
tage. It is assumed that the total ripple is caused by two factors:
25% comes from the
C
OUT
bulk capacitance value, and 75%
comes from the capacitor ESR. The value of
C
OUT
can be
determined by
RIPPLE
V
RIPPLE
I
×
OUT
f
C
×
=
2
(9)
where
I
RIPPLE
= 0.3 I
OUT
and
V
RIPPLE
= 0.01 V
OUT.
The maximum
acceptable
ESR
of C
OUT
can then be found using
RIPPLE
I
RIPPLE
V
ESR
×
≤
75
.
(10)
Manufacturers such as Vishay, AVX, Elna, WIMA, and Sanyo
provide good high performance capacitors. Sanyo’s OSCON
semiconductor dielectric capacitors have lower ESR for a given
size, at a somewhat higher price. Choosing sufficient capacitors
to meet the ESR requirement for C
OUT
normally exceeds the
amount of capacitance needed to meet the ripple current
requirement.
In surface-mount applications, multiple capacitors may have to
be paralleled to meet the capacitance, ESR, or rms current han-
dling requirements. Aluminum electrolytic and dry tantalum
capacitors are available in surface-mount configurations. In the
case of tantalum, it is critical that capacitors be surge tested for
use in switching power supplies. Recommendations for output
capacitors are shown in Table 8.
POWER MOSFET SELECTION
N-channel power MOSFETs must be selected for use with the
ADP3025 for the main and synchronous switches. The main
selection parameters for the power MOSFETs are the threshold
voltage (V
GS(TH)
) and on resistance (R
DS(ON)
). An internal LDO
generates a 5 V supply that is boosted above the input voltage by
using a bootstrap circuit. This floating 5 V supply is used for the
upper MOSFET gate drive. Logic-level threshold MOSFETs
must be used for both the main and synchronous switches.
Maximum output current (I
MAX
) determines the R
DS(ON)
require-
ment for the two power MOSFETs. When the ADP3025 is
operating in continuous mode, the simplifying assumption can
be made that one of the two MOSFETs is always conducting the
load current. The duty cycles for the MOSFETs are given by
IN
OUT
V
V
Cycle
Duty
MOSFET
Upper
=
(11)
IN
OUT
IN
V
V
V
Cycle
Duty
MOSFET
Lower
=
(12)
Table 8. Recommended Capacitor Manufacturers
Maximum Output Current
Input Capacitors
2 A
TOKIN Multilayer
Ceramic Caps, 22 μF/25 V
P/N: C55Y5U1E226Z
TAIYO YUDEN INC.
Ceramic Caps, Y5V Series 10 μF/25 V
P/N: TMK432BJ106KM
SANYO POSCAP TPC
Series, 68 μF/10 V
SANYO POSCAP TPC
Series, 68 μF/10 V
4 A
TOKIN Multilayer
Ceramic Caps, 2 × 22 μF/25 V
P/N: C55Y5U1E226Z
TAIYO YUDEN INC.
Ceramic Caps, Y5V Series 2 × 10 μF/25 V
P/N: TMK432BJ106KM
SANYO POSCAP TPC
Series, 2 × 68 μF/10 V
SANYO POSCAP TPC
Series, 2 × 68 μF/10 V
Output Capacitors
3.3 V Output
Output Capacitors
5 V Output