
AD7722
–17–
REV. 0
Varying the Master Clock
Although the AD7722 is specified with a master clock of
12.5 MHz, the AD7722 operates with clock frequencies up to
15 MHz and as low as 300 kHz. The input sample rate, output
word rate, and the frequency response of the digital filter are
directly proportional to the master clock frequency. For example,
reducing the clock frequency to 5 MHz leads to an analog input
sample rate of 10 MHz, an output word rate of 78.125 kSPS, a
pass-band frequency of 36.25 kHz, a cutoff frequency of
38.77 kHz, and a stop band frequency of 41.875 kHz.
SYSTEM SYNCHRONIZATION AND CONTROL
The AD7722 digital filter contains a sequencer block that
controls the digital interface and all the control logic needed to
operate the digital filter. A 14-bit cycle counter keeps track of
where the filters are in their overall operating cycle and decodes
the digital interface signals to the AD7722. The cycle counter
has a number of important transition points. In particular, the
bottom six bits control the convolution counter that decimates
by 64 to the update rate of the output data register. The counter’s
top bit is used to provide ample time (8192 CLKIN cycles) to
allow the modulator and digital filter to settle as the AD7722
sequences through its autocalibration process. The counter
increments on the rising edge of the signal at the CLKIN pin and
all of the digital I/O signals are synchronous with this clock. The
upper bit of this counter also controls when DVAL or DRDY
indicates valid data is available in the output data register after a
SYNC, RESET, CAL or an initial FSI. During normal opera-
tion the delay of 128 conversion (8192 CLKIN cycles) should
not be confused with actual settling time (5376 CLKIN cycles)
and group delay (2688 CLKIN cycles) of the of the digital filter.
SYNC Input
The SYNC input provides a synchronization function for use in
parallel or serial mode. SYNC allows the user to start gathering
samples of the analog input from a known point in time. This
allows a system using multiple AD7722s, operated from a
common master clock, to be synchronized so that each ADC
updates its output register simultaneously. The SYNC input
resets the digital filter without affecting the contents of the
calibration registers.
In a system using multiple AD7722s, a common signal to their
sync input will synchronize their operation. On the rising edge
of SYNC, the digital filter sequencer counter is reset to zero.
The filter is held in a reset state until a rising edge on CLKIN
senses SYNC low. A SYNC pulse, one CLKIN cycle long, can
be applied synchronous to the falling edge of CLKIN. This way,
on the next rising edge of CLKIN, SYNC is sensed low, the
filter is taken out of its reset state and multiple parts start to
gather input samples.
In serial mode DVAL remains low for 8192 CLKIN cycles to
allow the modulator and digital filter to settle. In parallel mode
DRDY remains high for an additional 64 CLKIN cycles when
valid data is loaded into the output register. After a SYNC,
conversion data is not valid until the digital filter settles (refer-
ence Figure 7).
DVAL
The DVAL pin, when used in the serial mode, indicates if
invalid data may be present at the ADC output. There are four
events which can cause DVAL to be deasserted and they have
different implications for how long the results should be
considered invalid.
DVAL is set low if there is an overflow condition in the first
stage of the digital filter. The overflow can result from an analog
input signal nearly twice the allowable maximum input span.
When an overflow condition is detected, DVAL is set low for
64 CLKIN cycles, (one output period) and the output data is
clipped to either positive or negative full scale depending on the
sign of the overflow. After the next convolution is completed
(64 CLKIN cycles), if the overflow condition does not exist,
DVAL goes high to indicate a valid output is available. Other-
wise DVAL will remain low until the overflow condition is
eliminated.
The second stage digital filter can overflow as a result of
overflow from the first stage. The overflow condition is detected
when the second stage filter calculates a conversion result that
exceeds either plus or minus full scale (i.e., below –32,768 or
above 32,767 in bipolar mode). When the overflow is detected,
DVAL is set low, and the output register is updated with either
positive or negative full scale, depending on the sign of the
overload. After the next convolution is completed, DVAL
returns high if the next conversion result is within the full-scale
range.
As with all high order sigma-delta modulators, large overloads
on the analog input can cause the modulator to go unstable.
The modulator is designed to be stable with input signals as
high as twice full scale within the input bandwidth. Out of band
signals as high as the full-scale range will not cause instability.
When instability is detected by internal circuits, DVAL is set
low, and the output is clipped to either positive or negative full
scale depending on the polarity of the overload. The modulator
is reset to a stable state, and the digital filter sequencer counter
is reset. DVAL is set low for a minimum of 8192 CLKIN cycles
while the modulator settles out, and the digital filter accumu-
lates new samples. DVAL returns high to indicate valid data is
available from the serial output register 8192 CLKIN cycles
after the overload condition is removed.
Lastly, DVAL also indicates when valid data is available at the
serial interface after initial power-up or upon completion of a
CAL, RESET or SYNC sequence.
Reset Input
The AD7722 RESET input controls the digital filter the same
as the SYNC input described above. Additionally, it resets the
modulator by shorting its integrator capacitors and clears the
on-chip calibration registers so that the conversion results are
not corrected for offset or gain error.
Power-On Reset
A power-on reset function is provided to reset the AD7722
internal logic after initial power-up. On power-up the offset and
gain calibration registers are cleared.